chore: Release lemur version 0.15.1

Cargo.toml

@@ -4,24 +4,24 @@ description = "An emulator for the Virtual Boy."
 repository = "https://git.virtual-boy.com/PVB/lemur"
 publish = false
 license = "MIT"
-version = "0.14.0"
+version = "0.15.1"
 edition = "2024"
 
 [dependencies]
 anyhow = "1"
 atoi = "3"
-audioadapter-buffers = "4"
+audioadapter-buffers = "5"
 atomic = "0.6"
 bitflags = { version = "2", features = ["serde"] }
 bytemuck = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
 clap = { version = "4", features = ["derive"] }
 cpal = "0.18"
 directories = "6"
-egui = { version = "0.34", features = ["persistence", "serde"] }
+egui = { version = "0.36", features = ["persistence", "serde"] }
-egui_extras = { version = "0.34", features = ["image"] }
+egui_extras = { version = "0.36", features = ["image"] }
-egui-notify = "0.22"
+egui-notify = "0.23"
-egui-winit = "0.34"
+egui-winit = "0.36"
-egui-wgpu = { version = "0.34", features = ["winit"] }
+egui-wgpu = { version = "0.36", features = ["winit"] }
 fxprof-processed-profile = "0.8"
 fixed = { version = "1.28", features = ["num-traits"] }
 gilrs = { version = "0.11", features = ["serde-serialize"] }
@@ -31,22 +31,22 @@ image = { version = "0.25", default-features = false, features = ["png"] }
 itertools = "0.15"
 normpath = "1"
 notify = "8"
-num-derive = "0.4"
+num-derive = "0.5"
 num-traits = "0.2"
-object = "0.39"
+object = "0.40"
 oneshot = { version = "0.2", features = ["async", "std"] }
 pollster = "1"
 rand = "0.10"
 rfd = "0.17"
-rtrb = "0.3"
+rtrb = "0.4"
-rubato = "4"
+rubato = "5"
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1"
 thread-priority = "3"
 tokio = { version = "1", features = ["io-util", "macros", "net", "rt", "sync", "time"] }
 tracing = { version = "0.1", features = ["release_max_level_debug"] }
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter"] }
-wgpu = { version = "29", features = ["serde"] }
+wgpu = { version = "30", features = ["serde"] }
 wholesym = "0.8"
 winit = { version = "0.30", features = ["serde"] }
 

build.Dockerfile

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ RUN apt-get update && \
     ln -s $(which ld64.lld-22) /usr/bin/ld64.lld && \
     SDK_VERSION=14.5 UNATTENDED=1 ENABLE_COMPILER_RT_INSTALL=1 TARGET_DIR=/osxcross ./build.sh
 
-FROM rust:1.97-trixie
+FROM rust:1.98-trixie
 ADD --chmod=644 "https://apt.llvm.org/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key" /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/apt.llvm.org.asc
 COPY llvm.sources /etc/apt/sources.list.d/llvm.sources
 RUN rustup target add x86_64-pc-windows-msvc && \

src/app.rs

@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@ use crate::{
     config::{AppConfig, CliArgs},
     controller::ControllerManager,
     emulator::{EmulatorClient, EmulatorCommand, SimId},
+    filesystem::Persistence,
     images::ImageTextureLoader,
     input::{MappingProvider, ShortcutProvider},
     memory::MemoryClient,
-    persistence::Persistence,
     window::{AppWindow, ChildWindow, GameScreen, GameWindow, InitArgs},
 };
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ impl SharedViewportState {
     fn init_painter(&mut self, ctx: &Context, window: &Window) -> &mut Painter {
         if self.painter.is_none() {
             let wgpu_config = egui_wgpu::WgpuConfiguration {
-                present_mode: wgpu::PresentMode::AutoVsync,
+                surface: egui_wgpu::SurfaceConfig::HIGH_THROUGHPUT,
                 wgpu_setup: egui_wgpu::WgpuSetup::Existing(self.wgpu.init(window)),
                 ..egui_wgpu::WgpuConfiguration::default()
             };
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ impl Application {
                 continue;
             }
             input.viewports = self.shared.viewport_info.clone();
-            let output = self.ctx.run_ui(input, |ui| {
+            let mut output = self.ctx.run_ui(input, |ui| {
                 if viewport.id == ViewportId::ROOT {
                     self.app.show(ui);
                 } else if let Some(cb) = ui.viewport(|v| v.viewport_ui_cb.clone()) {
@@ -304,8 +304,9 @@ impl Application {
                 output.pixels_per_point,
                 [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0],
                 &clipped_primitives,
-                &output.textures_delta,
+                &mut output.textures_delta,
                 vec![],
+                &viewport.window,
             );
         }
         let mut active_viewports = ViewportIdSet::default();
@@ -424,6 +425,9 @@ impl ApplicationHandler<UserEvent> for Application {
                 {
                     self.controllers.handle_key_event(&event);
                 }
+                WindowEvent::DroppedFile(path) => {
+                    self.app.handle_dropped_file(viewport_id, path);
+                }
                 WindowEvent::Focused(new_focused) => {
                     self.focused = new_focused.then_some(viewport_id);
                 }
@@ -464,6 +468,9 @@ impl ApplicationHandler<UserEvent> for Application {
                     self.controllers.handle_gamepad_event(&event);
                 }
             }
+            UserEvent::LowBattery(sim_id, pwr) => {
+                self.controllers.handle_low_battery(sim_id, pwr);
+            }
             UserEvent::Quit(sim_id) => match sim_id {
                 SimId::Player1 => event_loop.exit(),
                 SimId::Player2 => self.app.close(ChildWindow::Player2),
@@ -544,6 +551,7 @@ impl WgpuState {
                 power_preference,
                 compatible_surface: Some(&surface),
                 force_fallback_adapter,
+                apply_limit_buckets: false,
             }))
             .expect("could not create adapter");
         debug!("selected adapter: {:?}", adapter.get_info());
@@ -670,6 +678,7 @@ impl ViewportManager {
 pub enum UserEvent {
     GamepadEvent(gilrs::Event),
     Quit(SimId),
+    LowBattery(SimId, bool),
     RequestRedraw(ViewportId, Instant),
 }
 

src/audio.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
 use std::time::Duration;
 
-use anyhow::{Result, bail};
+use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};
 use audioadapter_buffers::direct::InterleavedSlice;
-use cpal::traits::{DeviceTrait, HostTrait, StreamTrait};
+use cpal::{
+    Device, FromSample, Sample, SampleFormat, SizedSample, StreamConfig,
+    traits::{DeviceTrait, HostTrait, StreamTrait},
+};
+use itertools::Itertools;
 use rubato::{Adjustable as _, Resampler};
 use tracing::warn;
 
-pub struct Audio {
+struct CpalAudio {
     #[allow(unused)]
     stream: cpal::Stream,
     sampler: rubato::Async<f32>,
@@ -17,19 +21,31 @@ pub struct Audio {
 
 const VB_FREQUENCY: usize = 41700;
 
-impl Audio {
+impl CpalAudio {
-    pub fn init() -> Result<Self> {
+    fn init() -> Result<Self> {
         let host = cpal::default_host();
-        let Some(device) = host.default_output_device() else {
+        let device = host
-            bail!("No output device available");
+            .default_output_device()
-        };
+            .context("no output device available")?;
         let default_rate = device.default_output_config()?.sample_rate();
-        let Some(config) = device.supported_output_configs()?.find(|c| {
+
-            c.channels() == 2 && c.sample_format().is_float() && c.contains_rate(default_rate)
+        let supported_config = device
-        }) else {
+            .supported_output_configs()?
-            bail!("No suitable output config available");
+            .filter(|c| {
-        };
+                c.contains_rate(default_rate)
-        let mut config = config.with_sample_rate(default_rate).config();
+                    && matches!(
+                        c.sample_format(),
+                        SampleFormat::F32
+                            | SampleFormat::F64
+                            | SampleFormat::I32
+                            | SampleFormat::I16
+                    )
+            })
+            .max_by(|a, b| a.cmp_default_heuristics(b))
+            .context("no suitable output config available")?
+            .with_sample_rate(default_rate);
+        let mut config = supported_config.config();
+
         let resample_ratio = config.sample_rate as f64 / VB_FREQUENCY as f64;
         let chunk_size = (834.0 * resample_ratio) as usize;
         let sampler = rubato::Async::new_poly(
@@ -42,6 +58,23 @@ impl Audio {
         )?;
         config.buffer_size = cpal::BufferSize::Fixed(sampler.output_frames_max() as u32);
 
+        match supported_config.sample_format() {
+            SampleFormat::F32 if config.channels == 2 => {
+                Self::new_f32_stereo(device, config, sampler)
+            }
+            SampleFormat::F32 => Self::new::<f32>(device, config, sampler),
+            SampleFormat::F64 => Self::new::<f64>(device, config, sampler),
+            SampleFormat::I32 => Self::new::<i32>(device, config, sampler),
+            SampleFormat::I16 => Self::new::<i16>(device, config, sampler),
+            _ => bail!("unsupported sample format"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn new_f32_stereo(
+        device: Device,
+        config: StreamConfig,
+        sampler: rubato::Async<f32>,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
         let input_buffer = Vec::with_capacity(sampler.nbr_channels() * sampler.input_frames_max());
         let output_buffer = vec![0.0; sampler.nbr_channels() * sampler.output_frames_max()];
         let (sample_sink, mut sample_source) =
@@ -79,7 +112,60 @@ impl Audio {
         })
     }
 
-    pub fn update(&mut self, mut samples: &[f32]) {
+    fn new<S: SizedSample + FromSample<f32>>(
+        device: Device,
+        config: StreamConfig,
+        sampler: rubato::Async<f32>,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
+        let input_buffer = Vec::with_capacity(sampler.nbr_channels() * sampler.input_frames_max());
+        let output_buffer = vec![0.0; sampler.nbr_channels() * sampler.output_frames_max()];
+        let (sample_sink, mut sample_source) =
+            rtrb::RingBuffer::new(sampler.output_frames_max() * 4);
+
+        let channels = config.channels as usize;
+
+        let stream = device.build_output_stream(
+            config,
+            move |data: &mut [S], _| {
+                let requested = data.len() * 2 / channels;
+                let chunk = match sample_source.read_chunk(requested) {
+                    Ok(c) => c,
+                    Err(rtrb::chunks::ChunkError::TooFewSlots(n)) => {
+                        sample_source.read_chunk(n).unwrap()
+                    }
+                };
+                let (first, second) = chunk.as_slices();
+
+                let new_samples = first
+                    .iter()
+                    .chain(second)
+                    .map(|s: &f32| (*s).to_sample())
+                    .chunks(2);
+                let buffer = data.iter_mut().chunks(channels);
+                for (dst, samples) in buffer.into_iter().zip(&new_samples) {
+                    // channels beyond the first two are zeroed
+                    let src = samples.chain(std::iter::repeat(S::EQUILIBRIUM));
+                    for (d, s) in dst.zip(src) {
+                        *d = s;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                chunk.commit_all();
+            },
+            move |error| warn!(%error, "stream error"),
+            None,
+        )?;
+        stream.play()?;
+        Ok(Self {
+            stream,
+            sampler,
+            input_buffer,
+            output_buffer,
+            sample_sink,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn update(&mut self, mut samples: &[f32]) {
         while self.input_buffer.len() + samples.len() >= self.sampler.input_frames_next() * 2 {
             let samples_needed =
                 (self.sampler.input_frames_next() * 2).saturating_sub(self.input_buffer.len());
@@ -117,9 +203,64 @@ impl Audio {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn set_speed(&mut self, speed: f64) -> Result<()> {
+    fn set_speed(&mut self, speed: f64) -> Result<()> {
         self.sampler
             .set_resample_ratio_relative(1.0 / speed, false)?;
         Ok(())
     }
 }
+
+struct NoAudio {
+    speed: f64,
+}
+
+impl NoAudio {
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        Self { speed: 1.0 }
+    }
+
+    fn update(&mut self, samples: &[f32]) {
+        let samples = (samples.len() / 2) as f64;
+        let elapsed = Duration::from_secs_f64(samples / (VB_FREQUENCY as f64 * self.speed));
+        std::thread::sleep(elapsed);
+    }
+
+    fn set_speed(&mut self, speed: f64) -> Result<()> {
+        self.speed = speed;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
+enum AudioInner {
+    Cpal(CpalAudio),
+    None(NoAudio),
+}
+
+pub struct Audio(AudioInner);
+
+impl Audio {
+    pub fn init() -> Self {
+        match CpalAudio::init() {
+            Ok(a) => Self(AudioInner::Cpal(a)),
+            Err(e) => {
+                warn!("could not play audio: {e}");
+                Self(AudioInner::None(NoAudio::new()))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn update(&mut self, samples: &[f32]) {
+        match &mut self.0 {
+            AudioInner::Cpal(a) => a.update(samples),
+            AudioInner::None(a) => a.update(samples),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_speed(&mut self, speed: f64) -> Result<()> {
+        match &mut self.0 {
+            AudioInner::Cpal(a) => a.set_speed(speed),
+            AudioInner::None(a) => a.set_speed(speed),
+        }
+    }
+}

src/config.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 use anyhow::Result;
+use bytemuck::NoUninit;
 use clap::{Parser, ValueEnum};
 use egui::{Color32, Pos2, Vec2};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use crate::{emulator::SimId, persistence::Persistence, window::DisplayMode};
+use crate::{emulator::SimId, filesystem::Persistence, window::DisplayMode};
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
 #[derive(Parser)]
@@ -53,6 +54,9 @@ pub struct CliArgs {
     /// Set a preference for whether to use a low-power or high-performance GPU adapter
     #[arg(long)]
     pub wgpu_power_preference: Option<PowerPreferenceWrapper>,
+    /// Choose whether save files are kept in the rom or the data directory
+    #[arg(long)]
+    pub save_data_location: Option<SaveDataLocation>,
 }
 
 #[derive(ValueEnum, Clone, Copy)]
@@ -90,12 +94,27 @@ const fn default_power_preference() -> wgpu::PowerPreference {
     wgpu::PowerPreference::LowPower
 }
 
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, ValueEnum, Debug, NoUninit)]
+#[repr(usize)]
+pub enum SaveDataLocation {
+    /// The same directory as the ROM
+    RomDirectory,
+    /// This application's data directory
+    DataDirectory,
+}
+
+const fn default_save_data_location() -> SaveDataLocation {
+    SaveDataLocation::RomDirectory
+}
+
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct AppConfig {
     #[serde(default = "default_power_preference")]
     pub power_preference: wgpu::PowerPreference,
     #[serde(default)]
     pub force_fallback: bool,
+    #[serde(default = "default_save_data_location")]
+    pub save_data_location: SaveDataLocation,
 }
 
 impl AppConfig {
@@ -106,6 +125,7 @@ impl AppConfig {
         Self {
             power_preference: default_power_preference(),
             force_fallback: false,
+            save_data_location: default_save_data_location(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -123,6 +143,10 @@ impl AppConfig {
             self.force_fallback = force_fallback;
             updated = true;
         }
+        if let Some(save_data_location) = args.save_data_location {
+            self.save_data_location = save_data_location;
+            updated = true;
+        }
         updated
     }
 }
@@ -141,6 +165,10 @@ pub struct SimConfig {
     #[serde(default = "default_audio_enabled")]
     pub audio_enabled: bool,
     #[serde(default)]
+    pub low_battery: bool,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub watch_rom: bool,
+    #[serde(default)]
     pub position: Option<Pos2>,
 }
 
@@ -154,6 +182,8 @@ impl SimConfig {
             colors: COLOR_PRESETS[0],
             dimensions: DisplayMode::Anaglyph.proportions() + Vec2::new(0.0, 22.0),
             audio_enabled: true,
+            low_battery: false,
+            watch_rom: false,
             position: None,
         }
     }

src/controller.rs

@@ -77,6 +77,15 @@ impl Controller {
         self.update_state(pressed, released)
     }
 
+    pub fn low_battery(&mut self, pwr: bool) -> Option<VBKey> {
+        let (pressed, released) = if pwr {
+            (VBKey::PWR, VBKey::empty())
+        } else {
+            (VBKey::empty(), VBKey::PWR)
+        };
+        self.update_state(pressed, released)
+    }
+
     fn update_state(&mut self, pressed: VBKey, released: VBKey) -> Option<VBKey> {
         let old_state = self.state;
         self.state = self.state.union(pressed).difference(released);
@@ -133,6 +142,14 @@ impl ControllerManager {
             }
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn handle_low_battery(&mut self, sim_id: SimId, pwr: bool) {
+        let controller = &mut self.controllers[sim_id.to_index()];
+        if let Some(pressed) = controller.low_battery(pwr) {
+            self.client
+                .send_command(EmulatorCommand::SetKeys(controller.sim_id, pressed));
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 fn axis_presses(value: f32, pair_value: f32, neg: VBKey, pos: VBKey) -> (VBKey, VBKey) {

src/emulator.rs

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use tracing::{error, warn};
 
 use crate::{
     audio::Audio,
+    config::SaveDataLocation,
     graphics::TextureSink,
     memory::{MemoryRange, MemoryRegion},
 };
@@ -74,12 +75,13 @@ pub struct EmulatorBuilder {
     state: Arc<Atomic<EmulatorState>>,
     audio_on: Arc<[AtomicBool; 2]>,
     linked: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    save_data_location: Arc<Atomic<SaveDataLocation>>,
     start_paused: bool,
     watch_rom: Arc<[AtomicBool; 2]>,
 }
 
 impl EmulatorBuilder {
-    pub fn new() -> (Self, EmulatorClient) {
+    pub fn new(save_data_location: SaveDataLocation) -> (Self, EmulatorClient) {
         let (queue, commands) = mpsc::channel();
         let builder = Self {
             rom: None,
@@ -91,6 +93,7 @@ impl EmulatorBuilder {
             state: Arc::new(Atomic::new(EmulatorState::Paused)),
             audio_on: Arc::new([AtomicBool::new(true), AtomicBool::new(true)]),
             linked: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
+            save_data_location: Arc::new(Atomic::new(save_data_location)),
             start_paused: false,
             watch_rom: Arc::new([AtomicBool::new(false), AtomicBool::new(false)]),
         };
@@ -98,8 +101,9 @@ impl EmulatorBuilder {
             queue,
             sim_state: builder.sim_state.clone(),
             state: builder.state.clone(),
-            watch_rom: builder.watch_rom.clone(),
             linked: builder.linked.clone(),
+            save_data_location: builder.save_data_location.clone(),
+            watch_rom: builder.watch_rom.clone(),
         };
         (builder, client)
     }
@@ -131,18 +135,42 @@ impl EmulatorBuilder {
     }
 
     pub fn build(self) -> Result<Emulator> {
-        let mut emulator = Emulator::new(
+        let Self {
-            self.commands,
+            rom,
-            self.sim_state,
+            commands,
-            self.state,
+            sim_state,
-            self.audio_on,
+            state,
-            self.watch_rom,
+            audio_on,
-            self.linked,
+            watch_rom,
-        )?;
+            linked,
-        if let Some(path) = self.rom {
+            save_data_location,
+            start_paused,
+        } = self;
+        let mut emulator = Emulator {
+            sims: vec![],
+            carts: [None, None],
+            audio: Audio::init(),
+            commands,
+            sim_state,
+            state,
+            audio_on,
+            watch_rom,
+            linked,
+            save_data_location,
+            profilers: [None, None],
+            renderers: HashMap::new(),
+            messages: HashMap::new(),
+            debuggers: HashMap::new(),
+            stdouts: HashMap::new(),
+            watched_regions: HashMap::new(),
+            eye_contents: [vec![0u8; 384 * 224 * 2], vec![0u8; 384 * 224 * 2]],
+            audio_samples: Vec::with_capacity(EXPECTED_FRAME_SIZE),
+            buffer: vec![],
+        };
+        if let Some(path) = rom {
             emulator.load_cart(SimId::Player1, &path)?;
         }
-        if self.start_paused {
+        if start_paused {
             emulator.pause_sims()?;
         }
         Ok(emulator)
@@ -159,6 +187,7 @@ pub struct Emulator {
     audio_on: Arc<[AtomicBool; 2]>,
     watch_rom: Arc<[AtomicBool; 2]>,
     linked: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    save_data_location: Arc<Atomic<SaveDataLocation>>,
     profilers: [Option<ProfileSender>; 2],
     renderers: HashMap<SimId, TextureSink>,
     messages: HashMap<SimId, mpsc::Sender<Toast>>,
@@ -171,36 +200,6 @@ pub struct Emulator {
 }
 
 impl Emulator {
-    fn new(
-        commands: mpsc::Receiver<EmulatorCommand>,
-        sim_state: Arc<[Atomic<SimState>; 2]>,
-        state: Arc<Atomic<EmulatorState>>,
-        audio_on: Arc<[AtomicBool; 2]>,
-        watch_rom: Arc<[AtomicBool; 2]>,
-        linked: Arc<AtomicBool>,
-    ) -> Result<Self> {
-        Ok(Self {
-            sims: vec![],
-            carts: [None, None],
-            audio: Audio::init()?,
-            commands,
-            sim_state,
-            state,
-            audio_on,
-            watch_rom,
-            linked,
-            profilers: [None, None],
-            renderers: HashMap::new(),
-            messages: HashMap::new(),
-            debuggers: HashMap::new(),
-            stdouts: HashMap::new(),
-            watched_regions: HashMap::new(),
-            eye_contents: [vec![0u8; 384 * 224 * 2], vec![0u8; 384 * 224 * 2]],
-            audio_samples: Vec::with_capacity(EXPECTED_FRAME_SIZE),
-            buffer: vec![],
-        })
-    }
-
     pub fn reload_cart(&mut self, sim_id: SimId) -> Result<()> {
         let Some(cart) = &self.carts[sim_id.to_index()] else {
             return Ok(());
@@ -211,7 +210,12 @@ impl Emulator {
 
     pub fn load_cart(&mut self, sim_id: SimId, path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
         let watch = self.watch_rom[sim_id.to_index()].load(Ordering::Acquire);
-        let cart = Cart::load(path, sim_id, watch)?;
+        let cart = Cart::load(
+            path,
+            sim_id,
+            self.save_data_location.load(Ordering::Acquire),
+            watch,
+        )?;
         self.try_reset_sim(sim_id, Some(cart))?;
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -224,7 +228,12 @@ impl Emulator {
         };
         let watch = self.watch_rom[SimId::Player2.to_index()].load(Ordering::Acquire);
         let cart = match file_path {
-            Some(rom_path) => Some(Cart::load(&rom_path, SimId::Player2, watch)?),
+            Some(rom_path) => Some(Cart::load(
+                &rom_path,
+                SimId::Player2,
+                self.save_data_location.load(Ordering::Acquire),
+                watch,
+            )?),
             None => None,
         };
         self.try_reset_sim(SimId::Player2, cart)?;
@@ -687,6 +696,20 @@ impl Emulator {
                     cart.stop_watching();
                 }
             }
+            EmulatorCommand::SetSaveDataLocation(save_data_location) => {
+                self.save_data_location
+                    .store(save_data_location, Ordering::Release);
+                for sim_id in SimId::values() {
+                    if let Some(cart) = self.carts[sim_id.to_index()].as_mut()
+                        && let Err(error) = cart.change_save_data_location(save_data_location)
+                    {
+                        self.report_error(
+                            sim_id,
+                            format!("Error changing save data location: {error}"),
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+            }
             EmulatorCommand::StartSecondSim(path) => {
                 if let Err(error) = self.start_second_sim(path) {
                     self.report_error(
@@ -854,6 +877,7 @@ pub enum EmulatorCommand {
     LoadGame(SimId, PathBuf),
     ReloadRom(SimId),
     WatchRom(SimId, bool),
+    SetSaveDataLocation(SaveDataLocation),
     StartSecondSim(Option<PathBuf>),
     StopSecondSim,
     Pause,
@@ -943,6 +967,7 @@ pub struct EmulatorClient {
     sim_state: Arc<[Atomic<SimState>; 2]>,
     state: Arc<Atomic<EmulatorState>>,
     linked: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    save_data_location: Arc<Atomic<SaveDataLocation>>,
     watch_rom: Arc<[AtomicBool; 2]>,
 }
 
@@ -959,6 +984,9 @@ impl EmulatorClient {
     pub fn are_sims_linked(&self) -> bool {
         self.linked.load(Ordering::Acquire)
     }
+    pub fn save_data_location(&self) -> SaveDataLocation {
+        self.save_data_location.load(Ordering::Acquire)
+    }
     pub fn is_rom_watched(&self, sim_id: SimId) -> bool {
         self.watch_rom[sim_id.to_index()].load(Ordering::Acquire)
     }

src/emulator/cart.rs

@@ -8,10 +8,15 @@ use std::{
     sync::{Arc, atomic::AtomicBool},
 };
 
-use crate::emulator::{SimId, game_info::GameInfo, shrooms_vb_util::rom_from_isx};
+use crate::{
+    config::SaveDataLocation,
+    emulator::{SimId, game_info::GameInfo, shrooms_vb_util::rom_from_isx},
+    filesystem,
+};
 
 pub struct Cart {
     pub file_path: PathBuf,
+    sim_id: SimId,
     pub rom: Vec<u8>,
     sram_file: File,
     pub sram: Vec<u8>,
@@ -21,7 +26,12 @@ pub struct Cart {
 }
 
 impl Cart {
-    pub fn load(file_path: &Path, sim_id: SimId, watch: bool) -> Result<Self> {
+    pub fn load(
+        file_path: &Path,
+        sim_id: SimId,
+        save_data_location: SaveDataLocation,
+        watch: bool,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
         let (rom, info) = Self::read_rom(file_path)?;
 
         let mut sram_file = File::options()
@@ -29,7 +39,7 @@ impl Cart {
             .write(true)
             .create(true)
             .truncate(false)
-            .open(sram_path(file_path, sim_id))?;
+            .open(sram_path(file_path, sim_id, save_data_location))?;
 
         let sram = if sram_file.metadata()?.len() == 0 {
             // new SRAM file, randomize the contents
@@ -54,6 +64,7 @@ impl Cart {
 
         Ok(Cart {
             file_path: file_path.to_path_buf(),
+            sim_id,
             rom,
             sram_file,
             sram,
@@ -73,6 +84,19 @@ impl Cart {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    pub fn change_save_data_location(
+        &mut self,
+        save_data_location: SaveDataLocation,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        self.sram_file = File::options()
+            .read(true)
+            .write(true)
+            .create(true)
+            .truncate(false)
+            .open(sram_path(&self.file_path, self.sim_id, save_data_location))?;
+        self.save_sram()
+    }
+
     pub fn save_sram(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
         self.sram_file.seek(SeekFrom::Start(0))?;
         self.sram_file.write_all(&self.sram)?;
@@ -177,9 +201,17 @@ fn parse_elf_program<Elf: object::read::elf::FileHeader<Endian = object::Endiann
     Some(bytes)
 }
 
-fn sram_path(file_path: &Path, sim_id: SimId) -> PathBuf {
+fn sram_path(file_path: &Path, sim_id: SimId, save_data_location: SaveDataLocation) -> PathBuf {
-    match sim_id {
+    let extension = match sim_id {
-        SimId::Player1 => file_path.with_extension("p1.sram"),
+        SimId::Player1 => "p1.sram",
-        SimId::Player2 => file_path.with_extension("p2.sram"),
+        SimId::Player2 => "p2.sram",
+    };
+    if let SaveDataLocation::DataDirectory = save_data_location
+        && let Some(data_dir) = filesystem::init_data_dir()
+        && let Some(rom_name) = file_path.file_name()
+    {
+        data_dir.join(rom_name).with_extension(extension)
+    } else {
+        file_path.with_extension(extension)
     }
 }

src/filepicker.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+use std::fmt::Write as _;
 use std::{
     path::PathBuf,
     sync::{Arc, Weak},
@@ -49,6 +51,23 @@ pub struct FileDialogBuilder {
 
 impl FileDialogBuilder {
     pub fn add_filter(self, name: impl Into<String>, extensions: &[impl ToString]) -> Self {
+        #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+        let exts = extensions
+            .iter()
+            .map(|ext| {
+                let mut normalized = String::new();
+                for char in ext.to_string().chars() {
+                    if char.is_ascii_lowercase() {
+                        let _ = write!(&mut normalized, "[{char}{}]", char.to_ascii_uppercase());
+                    } else {
+                        normalized.push(char);
+                    }
+                }
+                normalized
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+        let extensions = &exts;
         Self {
             dialog: self.dialog.add_filter(name, extensions),
             ..self

src/filesystem.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+use std::{fs, path::PathBuf};
+
+use anyhow::{Result, bail};
+use directories::ProjectDirs;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Persistence {
+    config_dir: Option<PathBuf>,
+}
+
+impl Persistence {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            config_dir: init_config_dir(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn save_config<T: Serialize>(&self, file: &str, data: &T) -> Result<()> {
+        if let Some(config_dir) = self.config_dir.as_ref() {
+            let bytes = serde_json::to_vec_pretty(data)?;
+            let filename = config_dir.join(file).with_extension("json");
+            fs::write(&filename, bytes)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn load_config<T: for<'a> Deserialize<'a>>(&self, file: &str) -> Result<T> {
+        let Some(config_dir) = self.config_dir.as_ref() else {
+            bail!("config directory not found");
+        };
+        let filename = config_dir.join(file).with_extension("json");
+        let bytes = fs::read(filename)?;
+        Ok(serde_json::from_slice(&bytes)?)
+    }
+}
+
+fn init_config_dir() -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    let config_dir = project_dirs()?.config_dir().to_path_buf();
+    fs::create_dir_all(&config_dir).ok()?;
+    Some(config_dir)
+}
+
+pub fn init_data_dir() -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    let data_dir = project_dirs()?.data_dir().to_path_buf();
+    fs::create_dir_all(&data_dir).ok()?;
+    Some(data_dir)
+}
+
+fn project_dirs() -> Option<ProjectDirs> {
+    ProjectDirs::from("com", "virtual-boy", "Lemur")
+}

src/input.rs

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ use winit::keyboard::{KeyCode, PhysicalKey};
 
 use crate::{
     emulator::{SimId, VBKey},
-    persistence::Persistence,
+    filesystem::Persistence,
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]

src/main.rs

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use winit::event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop};
 use crate::{
     config::{AppConfig, CliArgs, SimConfig},
     emulator::SimId,
-    persistence::Persistence,
+    filesystem::Persistence,
 };
 
 mod app;
@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@ mod config;
 mod controller;
 mod emulator;
 mod filepicker;
+mod filesystem;
 mod gdbserver;
 mod graphics;
 mod images;
 mod input;
 mod memory;
-mod persistence;
 mod profiler;
 mod window;
 
@@ -60,14 +60,9 @@ fn set_panic_handler() {
 
         eprint!("{message}");
 
-        let Some(project_dirs) = directories::ProjectDirs::from("com", "virtual-boy", "Lemur")
+        let Some(data_dir) = filesystem::init_data_dir() else {
-        else {
             return;
         };
-        let data_dir = project_dirs.data_dir();
-        if std::fs::create_dir_all(data_dir).is_err() {
-            return;
-        }
         let timestamp = SystemTime::now()
             .duration_since(SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH)
             .unwrap()
@@ -98,7 +93,14 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
 
     let persistence = Persistence::new();
 
-    let (mut builder, client) = EmulatorBuilder::new();
+    let mut config = AppConfig::load(&persistence);
+    if config.update(&args) {
+        let _ = config.save(&persistence);
+    }
+    let p1 = SimConfig::load(&persistence, SimId::Player1);
+    let p2 = SimConfig::load(&persistence, SimId::Player2);
+
+    let (mut builder, client) = EmulatorBuilder::new(config.save_data_location);
     if let Some(path) = &args.rom {
         builder = builder.with_rom(path);
     }
@@ -111,12 +113,6 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
     if args.profile {
         builder = builder.start_paused(true)
     }
-    let mut config = AppConfig::load(&persistence);
-    if config.update(&args) {
-        let _ = config.save(&persistence);
-    }
-    let p1 = SimConfig::load(&persistence, SimId::Player1);
-    let p2 = SimConfig::load(&persistence, SimId::Player2);
 
     let watch = args.watch;
 

src/persistence.rs

@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-use std::{fs, path::PathBuf};
-
-use anyhow::{Result, bail};
-use directories::ProjectDirs;
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct Persistence {
-    dirs: Option<Dirs>,
-}
-
-impl Persistence {
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self { dirs: init_dirs() }
-    }
-
-    pub fn save_config<T: Serialize>(&self, file: &str, data: &T) -> Result<()> {
-        if let Some(dirs) = self.dirs.as_ref() {
-            let bytes = serde_json::to_vec_pretty(data)?;
-            let filename = dirs.config_dir.join(file).with_extension("json");
-            fs::write(&filename, bytes)?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    pub fn load_config<T: for<'a> Deserialize<'a>>(&self, file: &str) -> Result<T> {
-        let Some(dirs) = self.dirs.as_ref() else {
-            bail!("config directory not found");
-        };
-        let filename = dirs.config_dir.join(file).with_extension("json");
-        let bytes = fs::read(filename)?;
-        Ok(serde_json::from_slice(&bytes)?)
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-struct Dirs {
-    config_dir: PathBuf,
-}
-
-fn init_dirs() -> Option<Dirs> {
-    let dirs = ProjectDirs::from("com", "virtual-boy", "Lemur")?;
-    let config_dir = dirs.config_dir().to_path_buf();
-    fs::create_dir_all(&config_dir).ok()?;
-    Some(Dirs { config_dir })
-}

src/window.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::{path::PathBuf, sync::Arc};
 
 pub use about::AboutWindow;
 use egui::{Ui, ViewportBuilder};
@@ -47,6 +47,10 @@ pub trait AppWindow {
         let _ = event;
         false
     }
+    fn handle_dropped_file(&mut self, path: PathBuf) -> bool {
+        let _ = path;
+        false
+    }
 }
 
 pub struct InitArgs<'a> {

src/window/about.rs

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ impl AppWindow for AboutWindow {
     }
 
     fn show(&mut self, ui: &mut Ui) {
-        CentralPanel::default().show_inside(ui, |ui| {
+        CentralPanel::default().show(ui, |ui| {
             ui.vertical_centered(|ui| {
                 ui.label("Lemur Virtual Boy Emulator");
                 ui.label(format!("Version {}", env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION")));

src/window/game.rs

@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
 use std::{
     ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
+    path::PathBuf,
     sync::{Arc, Mutex, atomic::AtomicBool, mpsc},
     time::Duration,
 };
 
 use crate::{
     app::UserEvent,
-    config::{COLOR_PRESETS, SimConfig},
+    config::{AppConfig, COLOR_PRESETS, SaveDataLocation, SimConfig},
     emulator::{EmulatorClient, EmulatorCommand, EmulatorState, SimId, SimState},
     filepicker::FilePicker,
+    filesystem::Persistence,
     images::ImageTextureLoader,
     input::{Command, MappingProvider, ShortcutProvider},
     memory::MemoryClient,
-    persistence::Persistence,
     window::{
         AboutWindow, BgMapWindow, CharacterDataWindow, FrameBufferWindow, GdbServerWindow,
         HotkeysWindow, InitArgs, InputWindow, ObjectWindow, ProfileWindow, RegisterWindow,
@@ -71,6 +72,8 @@ impl GameWindow {
         sim_id: SimId,
     ) -> Self {
         let config = SimConfig::load(&persistence, sim_id);
+        let _ = proxy.send_event(UserEvent::LowBattery(sim_id, config.low_battery));
+        client.send_command(EmulatorCommand::WatchRom(sim_id, config.watch_rom));
         let toasts = Toasts::new()
             .with_anchor(Anchor::BottomLeft)
             .with_margin((10.0, 10.0).into())
@@ -214,6 +217,10 @@ impl GameWindow {
         self.handle_event(viewport_id, |window| window.handle_gamepad_event(event))
     }
 
+    pub fn handle_dropped_file(&mut self, viewport_id: ViewportId, path: PathBuf) -> bool {
+        self.handle_event(viewport_id, |window| window.handle_dropped_file(path))
+    }
+
     fn handle_event<F, R>(&mut self, viewport_id: ViewportId, cb: F) -> R
     where
         F: FnOnce(&mut dyn AppWindow) -> R,
@@ -327,6 +334,7 @@ impl GameWindow {
             }
             let watch_rom = self.client.is_rom_watched(self.sim_id);
             if ui.selectable_button(watch_rom, "Watch ROM").clicked() {
+                self.update_config(|c| c.watch_rom = !watch_rom);
                 self.client
                     .send_command(EmulatorCommand::WatchRom(self.sim_id, !watch_rom));
             }
@@ -384,6 +392,14 @@ impl GameWindow {
             {
                 pollster::block_on(self.take_screenshot());
             }
+            ui.separator();
+            let low_battery = self.config.low_battery;
+            if ui.selectable_button(low_battery, "Low Battery").clicked() {
+                self.update_config(|c| c.low_battery = !low_battery);
+                let _ = self
+                    .proxy
+                    .send_event(UserEvent::LowBattery(self.sim_id, !low_battery));
+            }
         });
         ui.menu_button("Options", |ui| self.show_options_menu(ui));
         ui.menu_button("Multiplayer", |ui| {
@@ -588,6 +604,37 @@ impl GameWindow {
         if ui.button("Hotkeys").clicked() {
             self.open(ChildWindow::Hotkeys);
         }
+        ui.menu_button("Save Data Location", |ui| {
+            let save_data_location = self.client.save_data_location();
+            let update_save_data_location = |new_location: SaveDataLocation| {
+                if new_location == save_data_location {
+                    return;
+                };
+                let mut app_config = AppConfig::load(&self.persistence);
+                app_config.save_data_location = new_location;
+                let _ = app_config.save(&self.persistence);
+                self.client
+                    .send_command(EmulatorCommand::SetSaveDataLocation(new_location));
+            };
+            if ui
+                .selectable_button(
+                    save_data_location == SaveDataLocation::RomDirectory,
+                    "Same Directory as ROM",
+                )
+                .clicked()
+            {
+                update_save_data_location(SaveDataLocation::RomDirectory);
+            }
+            if ui
+                .selectable_button(
+                    save_data_location == SaveDataLocation::DataDirectory,
+                    "App Data Directory",
+                )
+                .clicked()
+            {
+                update_save_data_location(SaveDataLocation::DataDirectory);
+            }
+        });
     }
 
     fn show_color_picker(&mut self, ui: &mut Ui) {
@@ -692,13 +739,11 @@ impl AppWindow for GameWindow {
         while let Ok(toast) = self.messages.try_recv() {
             self.toasts.add(toast);
         }
-        Panel::top("menubar")
+        Panel::top("menubar").exact_size(22.0).show(ui, |ui| {
-            .exact_size(22.0)
+            MenuBar::new().ui(ui, |ui| {
-            .show_inside(ui, |ui| {
+                self.show_menu(ui);
-                MenuBar::new().ui(ui, |ui| {
-                    self.show_menu(ui);
-                });
             });
+        });
         if self.color_picker.is_some() {
             Window::new("Color Picker")
                 .title_bar(false)
@@ -709,7 +754,7 @@ impl AppWindow for GameWindow {
                 });
         }
         let frame = Frame::central_panel(ui.style()).fill(Color32::BLACK);
-        CentralPanel::default().frame(frame).show_inside(ui, |ui| {
+        CentralPanel::default().frame(frame).show(ui, |ui| {
             if let Some(screen) = self.screen.as_mut() {
                 screen.update(self.config.display_mode, self.config.colors);
                 ui.add(screen);
@@ -765,6 +810,12 @@ impl AppWindow for GameWindow {
         }
         self.file_picker.set_window(args.window);
     }
+
+    fn handle_dropped_file(&mut self, path: PathBuf) -> bool {
+        self.client
+            .send_command(EmulatorCommand::LoadGame(self.sim_id, path));
+        true
+    }
 }
 
 impl Drop for GameWindow {

src/window/gdb.rs

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ impl AppWindow for GdbServerWindow {
     fn show(&mut self, ui: &mut egui::Ui) {
         let port_num: Option<u16> = self.port_str.parse().ok();
         let status = self.server.status();
-        CentralPanel::default().show_inside(ui, |ui| {
+        CentralPanel::default().show(ui, |ui| {
             ui.horizontal(|ui| {
                 if port_num.is_none() {
                     let style = ui.style_mut();

src/window/hotkeys.rs

@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ impl AppWindow for HotkeysWindow {
     }
 
     fn show(&mut self, ui: &mut Ui) {
-        CentralPanel::default().show_inside(ui, |ui| {
+        CentralPanel::default().show(ui, |ui| {
             ui.horizontal(|ui| {
                 if ui.button("Use defaults").clicked() {
                     self.shortcuts.reset();

src/window/input.rs

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ impl InputWindow {
             .column(Column::remainder())
             .cell_layout(Layout::left_to_right(egui::Align::Center))
             .body(|mut body| {
-                for keys in KEY_NAMES.chunks_exact(2) {
+                for keys in KEY_NAMES.as_chunks::<2>().0 {
                     body.row(20.0, |mut row| {
                         for (key, name) in keys {
                             let binding = names.remove(key).map(|mut s| {
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ impl AppWindow for InputWindow {
     }
 
     fn show(&mut self, ui: &mut Ui) {
-        Panel::top("options").show_inside(ui, |ui| {
+        Panel::top("options").show(ui, |ui| {
             ui.horizontal(|ui| {
                 let old_active_tab = self.active_tab;
                 ui.selectable_value(&mut self.active_tab, InputTab::Player1, "Player 1");
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ impl AppWindow for InputWindow {
                 }
             });
         });
-        CentralPanel::default().show_inside(ui, |ui| {
+        CentralPanel::default().show(ui, |ui| {
             match self.active_tab {
                 InputTab::Player1 => self.show_key_bindings(ui, SimId::Player1),
                 InputTab::Player2 => self.show_key_bindings(ui, SimId::Player2),

src/window/profile.rs

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ impl AppWindow for ProfileWindow {
     fn show(&mut self, ui: &mut egui::Ui) {
         let status = self.profiler.status();
         let recording = matches!(status, ProfilerStatus::Recording);
-        CentralPanel::default().show_inside(ui, |ui| {
+        CentralPanel::default().show(ui, |ui| {
             ui.horizontal_wrapped(|ui| {
                 ui.spacing_mut().item_spacing.x = 0.0;
                 ui.add(

src/window/terminal.rs

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ impl AppWindow for TerminalWindow {
             }
             self.lines.back_mut().unwrap().push_str(rest);
         }
-        CentralPanel::default().show_inside(ui, |ui| {
+        CentralPanel::default().show(ui, |ui| {
             ScrollArea::vertical()
                 .stick_to_bottom(true)
                 .auto_shrink([false, false])

src/window/vip/bgmap.rs

@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ impl AppWindow for BgMapWindow {
 
     fn show(&mut self, ui: &mut Ui) {
         self.state.load(ui);
-        CentralPanel::default().show_inside(ui, |ui| {
+        CentralPanel::default().show(ui, |ui| {
             ui.horizontal_top(|ui| {
                 StripBuilder::new(ui)
                     .size(Size::relative(0.3).at_most(200.0))

src/window/vip/chardata.rs

@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ impl AppWindow for CharacterDataWindow {
 
     fn show(&mut self, ui: &mut Ui) {
         self.state.load(ui);
-        CentralPanel::default().show_inside(ui, |ui| {
+        CentralPanel::default().show(ui, |ui| {
             ui.horizontal_top(|ui| {
                 StripBuilder::new(ui)
                     .size(Size::relative(0.3).at_most(200.0))

src/window/vip/framebuffer.rs

@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ impl AppWindow for FrameBufferWindow {
 
     fn show(&mut self, ui: &mut Ui) {
         self.state.load(ui);
-        CentralPanel::default().show_inside(ui, |ui| {
+        CentralPanel::default().show(ui, |ui| {
             ui.horizontal_top(|ui| {
                 StripBuilder::new(ui)
                     .size(Size::relative(0.3).at_most(200.0))

src/window/vip/object.rs

@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ impl AppWindow for ObjectWindow {
 
     fn show(&mut self, ui: &mut Ui) {
         self.state.load(ui);
-        CentralPanel::default().show_inside(ui, |ui| {
+        CentralPanel::default().show(ui, |ui| {
             ui.horizontal_top(|ui| {
                 StripBuilder::new(ui)
                     .size(Size::relative(0.3).at_most(200.0))

src/window/vip/registers.rs

@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@ impl AppWindow for RegisterWindow {
     }
 
     fn show(&mut self, ui: &mut Ui) {
-        CentralPanel::default().show_inside(ui, |ui| {
+        CentralPanel::default().show(ui, |ui| {
             ScrollArea::vertical().show(ui, |ui| {
                 ui.horizontal_top(|ui| {
                     let width = ui.available_width();

src/window/vip/utils.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use egui::{Color32, Image, ImageSource, Response, Sense, TextureOptions, Ui, Widget};
 
 pub const GENERIC_PALETTE: [u8; 4] = [0, 32, 64, 128];
+const COLOR_TRANSPARENT: Color32 = Color32::from_rgb(0x25, 0x25, 0x25);
 
 pub fn shade(brt: u8, color: Color32) -> Color32 {
     let corrected = if brt > 132 {
@@ -44,7 +45,9 @@ pub fn parse_brts(brts: &[u16; 3], color: Color32) -> [Color32; 4] {
 
 pub fn palette_colors(palette: u8, brts: &[u8; 8], color: Color32) -> [Color32; 4] {
     let colors = parse_shades(brts).map(|s| shade(s, color));
-    parse_palette(palette).map(|p| colors[p as usize])
+    let mut palette_colors = parse_palette(palette).map(|p| colors[p as usize]);
+    palette_colors[0] = COLOR_TRANSPARENT;
+    palette_colors
 }
 
 pub struct Object {

src/window/vip/world.rs

@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ impl AppWindow for WorldWindow {
 
     fn show(&mut self, ui: &mut Ui) {
         self.state.load(ui);
-        CentralPanel::default().show_inside(ui, |ui| {
+        CentralPanel::default().show(ui, |ui| {
             ui.horizontal_top(|ui| {
                 StripBuilder::new(ui)
                     .size(Size::relative(0.3).at_most(200.0))